Important Constitutional Amendments

No.	Amendments	Date	Objectives
1	Amend articles 15, 19, 85, 87, 174, 176, 341, 342, 372 and 376. Insert articles 31A and 31B. Insert schedule 9.	18 June 1951	To fully secure the constitutional validity of zamindari abolition laws and to place reasonable restriction on freedom of speech. A new constitutional device, called Schedule 9 introduced to protect laws that are contrary to the Constitutionally guaranteed fundamental rights. These laws encroach upon property rights, freedom of speech and equality before law
2	Amend article 81(1)(b).	1 May 1953	Removed the upper population limit for a parliamentary constituency by amending Article 81(1)(b).
3	Amend schedule 7.	22 Feb 1955	Re-enacted entry 33 of the Concurrent List in the Seventh Schedule with relation to include trade and commerce in, and the production, supply and distribution of 4 classes of essential commodities, viz., foodstuffs, including edible oil seeds and oils; cattle fodder, including oilcakes and other concentrates; raw cotton whether ginned or unginned, and cotton seeds; and raw jute.
4	Amend articles 31, 35 band 305. Amend schedule 9.	27 April 1955	Restrictions on property rights and inclusion of related bills in Schedule 9 of the constitution
5	Amend article 3.	24 Dec 1955	Empowered the President to prescribe a time limit for a State Legislature to convey its views on proposed Central laws relating to the formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States. Also permitted the President to extend the prescribed limit, and prohibited any such bill from being introduced in Parliament until after the expiry of the prescribed or extended period.
6	Amend articles 269 and 286. Amend schedule 7.	11 Sep 1956	Amend the Union and State Lists with respect to raising of taxes
7	Amend articles 1, 3, 49, 80, 81, 82, 131, 153, 158, 168, 170, 171, 216, 217, 220, 222, 224, 230, 231 and 232. Insert articles 258A, 290A, 298, 350A, 350B, 371, 372A and 378A. Amend part 8. Amend schedules 1, 2, 4 and 7.	1 Nov 1956	Reorganization of states on linguistic lines, abolition of Class A, B, C, D states and introduction of Union Territories
8	Amend article 334.	5 Jan 1960	Extended the period of reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and Anglo-Indians in the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies till 1970
9	Amend schedule 1.	28 Dec 1960	Minor adjustments to territory of Indian Union consequent to agreement with Pakistan for settlement of disputes by demarcation of border villages, etc.
10	Amend article 240. Amend schedule 1.	11 Aug 1961	Incorporation of Dadra, Nagar and Haveli as a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition from Portugal
11	Amend articles 66 and 71.	19 Dec 1961	Election of Vice President by Electoral College consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament, instead of election by a Joint Sitting of Parliament. Indemnify the President and Vice President Election procedure from challenge on grounds of existence of any vacancies in the electoral college
12	Amend article 240. Amend schedule 1.	20 Dec 1961	Incorporation of Goa, Daman and Diu as a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition from Portugal
13	Amend article 170. Insert new article 371A.	1 Dec 1963	Formation of State of Nagaland, with special protection under Article 371A
14	Amend articles 81 and 240. Insert article 239A. Amend schedules 1 and 4.	28 Dec 1962	Incorporation of Pondicherry into the Union of India and creation of Legislative Assemblies for Himachal Pradesh, Tripura, Manipur and Goa
15	Amend articles 124, 128, 217, 222, 224, 226, 297, 311 and 316. Insert article 224A. Amend schedule 7.	5 Oct 1963	Raise retirement age of High court judges from 60 to 62 and other minor amendments for rationalizing interpretation of rules regarding judges etc.
16	Amend articles 19, 84 and 173. Amend schedule 3.	5 Oct 1963	Make it obligatory for seekers of public office to swear their allegiance to the Indian Republic and prescribe the various obligtory templates
17	Amend article 31A. Amend schedule 9.	20 June 1964	To secure the constitutional validity of acquisition of Estates and place land acquisition laws in Schedule 9 of the constitution
18	Amend article 3.	27 Aug 1966	Technical Amendment to include Union Territories in Article 3 and hence permit reorganisation of Union Territories
19	Amend article 324.	11 Dec 1966	Abolish Election Tribunals and enable trial of election petitions by regular High Courts
20	Insert article 233A.	22 Dec 1966	Indemnify & validate judgments, decrees, orders and sentences passed by judges and to validate the appointment, posting, promotion and transfer of judges barring a few who were not eligible for appointment under article 233. Amendment needed to overcome the effect of judgement invalidating appointments of certain judges in the state of Uttar Pradesh
21	Amend schedule 8.	10 April 1967	Include Sindhi as an Official Language
22	Amend article 275. Insert articles 244A and 371B.	25 Sep 1969	Provision to form Autonomous states within the State of Assam
23	Amend articles 330, 332, 333 and 334.	23 Jan 1970	Discontinued reservation of seats for the Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, both in the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assembly and stipulated that not more than one Anglo-Indian could be nominated by the Governor to any State Legislative Assembly. Extend reservation for SC/ST and Anglo Indian members in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies for another ten years, i.e. up to 1980.
24	Amend articles 13 and 368.	5 Nov 1971	Enable parliament to dilute fundamental rights through amendments to the constitution
25	Amend article 31. Insert article 31C.	20 April 1972	Restrict property rights and compensation in case the state takes over private property
26	Amend article 366. Insert article 363A. Remove articles 291 and 362.	28 Dec 1971	Abolition of privy purse paid to former rulers of princely states which were incorporated into the Indian Republic
27	Amend articles 239A and 240. Insert articles 239B and 371C.	15 Feb 1972	Reorganization of Mizoram into a Union Territory with a legislature and council of ministers
28	Insert article 312A. Remove article 314.	29 Aug 1972	Rationalize Civil Service rules to make it uniform across those appointed prior to Independence and post independence
29	Amend schedule 9.	9 June 1972	Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution
30	Amend article 133.	27 Feb 1973	Change the basis for appeals in Supreme Court of India in case of Civil Suits from value criteria to one involving substantial question of law
31	Amend articles 81, 330 and 332.	17 Oct 1973	Increase size of Parliament from 525 to 545 seats. Increased seats going to the new states formed in North East India and minor adjustment consequent to 1971 Delimitation exercise
32	Amend article 371. Insert articles 371D and 371E. Amend schedule 7.	1 July 1974	Protection of regional rights in Telengana and Andhra regions of State of Andhra Pradesh
33	Amend articles 101 and 190.	19 May 1974	Prescribes procedure for resignation by members of parliament and state legislatures and the procedure for verification and acceptance of resignation by house speaker
34	Amend schedule 9.	7 Sep 1974	Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution
35	Amend articles 80 and 81. Insert article 2A. Insert schedule 10.	1 March 1975	Terms and Conditions for the Incorporation of Sikkim into the Union of India
36	Amend articles 80 and 81. Insert article 371F. Remove article 2A. Amend schedules 1 and 4. Remove schedule 10.	26 April 1975	Formation of Sikkim as a State within the Indian Union
37	Amend articles 239A and 240.	3 May 1975	Formation of Arunachal Pradesh legislative assembly
38	Amend articles 123, 213, 239B, 352, 356, 359 and 360.	1 Aug 1975	Enhances the powers of President and G
39	Amend articles 71 and 329. Insert article 329A. Amend schedule 9.	10 Aug 1975	Amendment designed to negate the judgement of Allahabad High Court invalidating Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's election to parliament. Amendment placed restrictions on judicial scrutiny of post of Prime Minister
40	Amend article 297. Amend schedule 9.	27 May 1976	Enable Parliament to make laws with respect to Exclusive Economic Zone and vest the mineral wealth with Union of India Place land reform & other acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution
41	Amend article 316.	7 Sep 1976	Raise Retirement Age Limit of Chairmen and Members of Joint Public Service Commissions and State Public Service Commissions from sixty to sixty two.
42	Amend articles 31, 31C, 39, 55, 74, 77, 81, 82, 83, 100, 102, 103, 105, 118, 145, 150, 166, 170, 172, 189, 191, 192, 194, 208, 217, 225, 226, 227, 228, 311, 312, 330, 352, 353, 356, 357, 358, 359, 366, 368 and 371F. Insert articles 31D, 32A, 39A, 43A, 48A, 131A, 139A, 144A, 226A, 228A and 257A. Insert parts 4A and 14A. Amend schedule 7.	1 April 1977	Amendment passed during internal emergency by Indira Gandhi. Provides for curtailment of fundamental rights, imposes fundamental duties and changes to the basic structure of the constitution by making India a "Socialist Secular" Republic
43	Amend articles 145, 226, 228 and 366. Remove articles 31D, 32A, 131A, 144A, 226A and 228A.	13 April 1978	Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in the Country. Repeals some of the more 'Anti-Freedom' amendments enacted through Amendment Bill 42
44	Amend articles 19, 22, 30, 31A, 31C, 38, 71, 74, 77, 83, 103, 105, 123, 132, 133, 134, 139A, 150, 166, 172, 192, 194, 213, 217, 225, 226, 227, 239B, 329, 352, 356, 358, 359, 360 and 371F. Insert articles 134A and 361A. Remove articles 31, 257A and 329A. Amend part 12. Amend schedule 9.	6 Sep 1978	Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in the Country. Provides for human rights safeguards and mechanisms to prevent abuse of executive and legislative authority. Annuls some Amendments enacted in Amendment Bill 42
45	Amend article 334.	25 Jan 1980	Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 1990
46	Amend articles 269, 286 and 366. Amend schedule 7.	2 Feb 1983	Amendment to negate judicial pronouncements on scope and applicability on Sales Tax
47	Amend schedule 9.	26 Aug 1984	Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution
48	Amend article 356.	1 April 1985	Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to two years in the state of Punjab
49	Amend article 244. Amend schedules 5 and 6.	11 Sep 1984	Recognize Tripura as a Tribal State and enable the creation of a Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council
50	Amend article 33.	11 Sep 1984	Technical Amendment to curtailment of Fundamental Rights as per Part III as prescribed in Article 33 to cover Security Personnel protecting property and communication infrastructure
51	Amend articles 330 and 332.	16 June 1986	Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assemblies
52	Amend articles 101, 102, 190 and 191. Insert schedule 10.	1 March 1985	Anti Defection Law - Provide disqualification of members from parliament and assembly in case of defection from one party to other
53	Insert article 371G.	20 Feb 1987	Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram.
54	Amend articles 125 and 221. Amend schedule 2.	1 April 1986	Increase the salary of Chief Justice of India & other Judges and to provide for determining future increases without the need for constitutional amendment
55	Insert article 371H.	20 Feb 1987	Special powers to Governor consequent to formation of state of Arunachal Pradesh
56	Insert article 371I.	30 May 1987	Transition provision to enable formation of state of Goa
57	Amend article 332.	21 Sep 1987	Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assemblies
58	Insert article 394A. Amend part 22.	9 Dec 1987	Provision to publish authentic Hindi translation of constitution as on date and provision to publish authentic Hindi translation of future amendments
59	Amend article 356. Insert article 359A.	30 March 1988	Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to three years in the state of Punjab, Articles 352 and Article 359A amended to permit imposing emergency in state of Punjab or in specific districts of the state of Punjab
60	Amend article 276.	20 Dec 1988	Profession Tax increased from a minimum of Rs. 250/- to a maximum of Rs. 2500/-
61	Amend article 326.	28 March 1989	Reduce age for voting rights from 21 to 18
62	Amend article 334.	20 Dec 1989	Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 2000
63	Amend article 356. Remove article 359A.	6 Jan 1990	Emergency powers applicable to State of Punjab, accorded in Article 359A as per amendment 59 repealed
64	Amend article 356.	16 April 1990	Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to three years and six months in the state of Punjab
65	Amend article 338.	12 March 1990	National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes formed and its statutory powers specified in The Constitution.
66	Amend schedule 9.	7 June 1990	Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution
67	Amend article 356.	4 Oct 1990	Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to four years in the state of Punjab
68	Amend article 356.	12 March 1991	Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to five years in the state of Punjab
69	Insert articles 239AA and 239AB.	1 Feb 1992	To provide for a legislative assembly and council of ministers for Federal National Capital of Delhi. Delhi continues to be a Union Territory
70	Amend articles 54 and 239AA.	21 Dec 1991	Include National Capital of Delhi and Union Territory of Pondicherry in electoral college for Presidential Election
71	Amend schedule 8.	31 Aug 1992	Include Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali as Official Languages
72	Amend article 332.	5 Dec 1992	Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Tripura State Legislative Assembly
73	Insert part 9.	24 April 1993	Statutory provisions for Panchyat Raj as third level of administration in villages
74	Insert part 9A.	1 June 1993	Statutory provisions for Local Administrative bodies as third level of administration in urban areas such as towns and cities
75	Amend article 323B.	15 May 1994	Provisions for setting up Rent Control Tribunals
76	Amend schedule 9.	31 Aug 1994	Enable continuance of 69% reservation in Tamil Nadu by including the relevant Tamil Nadu Act under 9th Schedule of the constitution
77	Amend article 16.	17 June 1995	A technical amendment to protect reservation to SC/ST Employees in promotions
78	Amend schedule 9.	30 Aug 1995	Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution
79	Amend article 334.	25 Jan 2000	Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 2010
80	Amend articles 269 and 270. Remove article 272.	9 June 2000	Implement Tenth Finance Commission recommendation to simplify the tax structures by pooling and sharing all taxes between states and The Centre
81	Amend article 16.	9 June 2000	Protect SC / ST reservation in filling backlog of vacancies
82	Amend article 335.	8 Sep 2000	Permit relaxation of qualifying marks and other criteria in reservation in promotion for SC / ST candidates
83	Amend article 243M.	8 Sep 2000	Exempt Arunachal Pradesh from reservation for Scheduled Castes in Panchayati Raj institutions
84	Amend articles 55, 81, 82, 170, 330 and 332.	21 Feb 2002	Extend the usage of 1971 national census population figures for statewise distribution of parliamentary seats
85	Amend article 16.	4 Jan 2002	A technical amendment to protect Consequential seniority in case of promotions of SC/ST Employees
86	Amend articles 45 and 51A. Insert article 21A.	12 Dec 2002	Provides Right to Education until the age of fourteen and Early childhood care until the age of six
87	Amend articles 81, 82, 170 and 330.	22 June 2003	Extend the usage of 2001 national census population figures for statewise distribution of parliamentary seats
88	Amend article 270. Insert article 268A Amend schedule 7.	15 Jan 2004	To extend statutory cover for levy and utilization of Service Tax
89	Amend article 338. Insert article 338A.	28 Sep 2003	The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was bifurcated into The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
90	Amend article 332.	28 Sep 2003	Reservation in Assam Assembly relating to Bodoland Territory Area
91	Amend articles 75 and 164. Insert article 361B. Amend schedule 10.	1 Jan 2004	Restrict the size of council of ministers to 15% of legislative members & to strengthen Anti Defection laws
92	Amend schedule 8.	7 Jan 2004	Include Bodo, Dogri, Santali and Maithali as official languages
93	Amend article 15.	20 Jan 2006	To enable provision of reservation(27%) for other backward classes (O.B.C.) in government as well as private educational institutions
94	Amend article 164.	12 June 2006	To provide for a Minister of Tribal Welfare in newly created Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh States including Madhyapradesh, Orissa.
95	Amend article 334.	25 Jan 2010	To extend the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha and states assemblies from Sixty years to Seventy years
96	Amend schedule 8.	23 Sep 2011	Substituted "Odia" for "Oriya"
97	Amend Art 19 and added Part IXB.	12 Jan 2012	Added the words "or co-operative societies" after the word "or unions" in Article 19(l)(c) and insertion of article 43B i.e., Promotion of Co-operative Societies and added Part-IXB i.e., The Co-operative Societies. The amendment objective is to encourage economic activities of cooperatives which in turn help progress of rural India. It is expected to not only ensure autonomous and democratic functioning of cooperatives, but also the accountability of the management to the members and other stakeholders.
98	To insert Article 371J in the Constitution	2 Jan 2013	To empower the Governor of Karnataka to take steps to develop the Hyderabad-Karnataka Region.
99	Insertion of new articles 124A, 124B and 124C. Amendments to Articles 127, 128, 217, 222, 224A, 231.	31 Dec 2014	The amendment provides for the formation of a National Judicial Appointments Commission. 16 State assemblies out of 29 States including Goa, Rajasthan, Tripura, Gujarat and Telangana ratified the Central Legislation, enabling the President of India to give assent to the bill.